一种引射增强型二次喉道新方案的数值模拟

为提高大型超声速风洞的运行经济性，设计了一种通过引射低总压冷介质提高扩压性能的新型二次喉道扩压器，其结构特征是在扩压器收敛段前方增加侧壁凹槽，在凹槽前沿位置引入低总压常温空气作为冷介质，通过引射扩散作用在扩压器壁面形成气膜，调节二次喉道实际流通直径，较大程度上增强二次喉道的静压恢复能力，同时又降低二次喉道壁面热负荷，冷却壁面。数值验证结果表明，所设计新型二次喉道方案可通过调节引射气量自适应较宽范围的运行条件，有效隔离扩压器壁面直接接触高温燃气，同时提高了扩压能力，节省后段接力引射器的主动流流量近30%，对风洞运行经济性提升十分明显。     

全模颤振双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率研究

研究绳系结构和绳索预紧力对全模颤振双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率的影响。首先，基于绳索并联机构理论，对双索悬挂系统进行静力学建模，引入加权矩阵，推导了双索悬挂系统静刚度模型；其次，建立双索悬挂系统无阻尼振荡方程，分析双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率变化规律；进而，搭建了双索悬挂系统地面样机，开展系统模态频率测试试验，研究系统刚体模态频率的影响因素及其变化规律；最后，参考试验结果修正所建数学模型。结果表明，随着绳索预紧力的增加，系统刚体模态频率呈上升趋势，但各阶刚体模态的固有频率上升速率不同，平动模态的固有频率受绳索预紧力影响比转动模态小得多；在转动模态方面，滚转模态的固有频率最大且上升快；在平动模态方面，升沉模态的固有频率大于横侧滑模态的固有频率；双索经过的机身前后滑轮与飞机模型质心之间的相对位置变化会不同程度地影响支撑系统俯仰模态、偏航模态的固有频率，但几乎不影响其滚转模态的固有频率。研究发现，通过控制悬挂绳索预紧力的大小，合理设计机身上的滑轮安装位置，能够有效降低双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率。研究结果对于优化设计全模颤振双索悬挂系统具有指导意义。     

Numerical simulations of water spray on flame deflector during the four-engine rocket launching

This paper aims to study on the cooling effect with two types of water spray nozzle on the flame deflector during the four-engine launch vehicle take-off. To accurately simulate the two-phase flow of the rocket gas with multispecies and the water spray, the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations, discrete ordinates methods and realizable k-Ɛ turbulence model are used to establish the rocket supersonic plumes impact model. The Eulerian dispersed phase (EDP) model was used to simulate the water spray into the exhaust gas. The accuracy and effectiveness of the gas-liquid flow model are verified by a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data. On this basis, a series of numerical simulation studies under different water injection position are performed. The results show that the high temperature regions, along the axis of engines on the deflector plate, have no significant temperature decreasing effect by water spray from the nozzles mounted on the apex of the deflector, and the high temperature converts a large quantity of water into vapor near the plume boundary, which would decrease the flow conductivity. With the cooling spray nozzle fixed directly to the deflector plate, the temperature decrease effect is obvious and the effect of thermal shock on deflector plate induced by exhaust plume is reduced, so that it can prevent the flame deflector from thermal ablation. The study results provide indepth information and engineering guidance for designing the water spray systems and increasing the safety of the launch process.     

尖侧缘机身布局的俯仰力矩特性及扰流板控制

针对尖侧缘机身布局在大迎角下存在的正俯仰力矩（抬头力矩）问题，通过风洞试验，首先研究了俯仰力矩的迎角分区特性及流动演化规律：线性增长区（迎角为0°~15°），俯仰力矩线性增加，全机从附着流到形成进气道前缘涡和机翼涡；非线性增长区（迎角为17.5°~32.5°），俯仰力矩非线性增加，机头涡出现，机头涡和进气道前缘涡逐渐增强，机翼涡增强后破裂；衰减区（迎角为35°~65°），俯仰力矩逐渐减小，机头涡增强后破裂，进气道前缘涡破裂发展，机翼涡完全破裂。其次，发现了机身前体是产生正俯仰力矩的主要来源，机头涡是导致大迎角下正俯仰力矩的主控流动。当迎角为40°时，前体各截面正俯仰力矩在进气道前缘处达到最大，主要是由于该处机头涡诱导产生了较强的法向力。最后，提出了大迎角机身扰流板控制技术，产生了较好的控制效果。当迎角为40°时，扰流板可使正俯仰力矩减少62%，其原因是扰流板降低了机头涡涡量及其诱导产生的法向力，减少了机身前体对正俯仰力矩的贡献。该控制技术的缺点是扰流板会带来一些升力损失和附加阻力。基于尖侧缘机身参考宽度的雷诺数为2.59×10⁵。     

Effects of Mach numbers on Magnus induced surface pressure

Experimental and numerical methods were used to investigate the Magnus phenomena over a spinning projectile. The pressure force acting on the surface of a spinning projectile was measured for various cases by employing a relatively novel experimental technique. A set of miniature pressure sensors along with a data acquisition board, battery and storage memory were placed inside a spinning model and the surface pressure were obtained through a remotely controlled system. Circumferential pressures of the model for both rotational and static conditions were obtained at two different free stream Mach numbers of 0.4 and 0.8 and at different angles of attack. The results showed the ability of this new test method to measure the very small Magnus force via surface pressures over the projectile. The results provide a deep insight into the flow structure and illustrate changes in the cross-flow separation locations as a result of rotation. Similar results were obtained by the numerical simulations and were compared with the experimental data.     

LENS风洞试验返回器模型气动热特性模拟

国家数值风洞高超声速流动模拟软件HyFLOW的研制对打破国外同类软件的技术壁垒具有重要意义。与国外DPLR软件进行了对比研究，同时系统介绍了HyFLOW软件求解器的数值方法、物理化学模型以及壁面催化特性计算模型等主要方法，采用典型算例对有限催化模型进行了数值验证，最后基于LENS风洞试验146 mm返回器标模外形开展了高超声速气动热特性数值模拟。研究结果表明，HyFLOW软件在高超声速热化学非平衡流动模拟与评估方面的气动力计算精度高，与国外同类软件DPLR相当，同时其壁面催化条件下的气动热计算精度可靠，可信度高。     

HB-2 high-velocity correlation model at high angles of attack in supersonic wind tunnel tests

Responding to a need for experimental data on a standard wind tunnel model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, and in the absence of suitable reference data, a series of tests of two HB-2 standard models of different sizes was performed in the T-38 trisonic wind tunnel of Vojnotehnickˇi Institut(VTI), in the Mach number range 1.5–4.0, at angles of attack up to+30°. Tests were performed at relatively high Reynolds numbers of 2.2 millions to 4.5 millions(based on model forebody diameter). Results were compared with available low angle of attack data from other facilities, and, as a good agreement was found, it was assumed that, by implication, the obtained high angle of attack results were valid as well. Therefore, the results can be used as a reference database for the HB-2 model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, which was not available before. The results are presented in comparison with available reference data, but also contain data for some Mach numbers not given in other publications.     

OSIRIS-REx low-velocity particles during outbound cruise

We analyzed high-angular rate streaks first recorded by OSIRIS-REx’s MapCam during a 2017 search for Earth Trojan asteroids. We interpret them as water-ice particles that translated across the imager’s field of view, originating from the spacecraft itself. Their translation velocities approximated 0.1–1?m/s based on reasonable conclusions about their range. Pursuing several lines of investigation to seek a coherent hypothesis, we conclude that the episodic releases of the water ice particles are associated with spacecraft attitudes that resulted in solar illumination of previously shadowed regions. This correlation suggests that the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft itself possesses micro-climatic zones consisting of hot regions and cold traps that may temporarily potentially pass volatiles back and forth before losing most of them.     

鸭式布局飞机矢量喷流对地面效应影响的风洞试验

针对单发鸭式布局飞机，通过低速风洞试验，研究了矢量喷流对飞机地面效应的影响特性。研究结果表明：发动机喷流使得飞机的地面效应增强，升力系数增加，降低飞机起飞/降落时的飞行速度，缩短起降距离，从而改善飞机起降性能。发动机喷管上/下偏转时，矢量喷流对飞机上下表面气流诱导不对称，均使地面效应阻力系数增量减小。在此基础上，基于数值模拟结果对喷流与地面效应的相互作用机理进行了分析。     

大飞机缝翼滑轨影响研究

通过数值模拟和风洞实验两种手段研究了大飞机缝翼滑轨对飞机气动性能的影响.分析了缝翼滑轨对缝道和机翼表面流动分布的影响,获得了缝翼滑轨参数对飞机气动性能的影响规律.数值模拟结果表明:缝翼滑轨对缝道内的流动形成了阻塞,改变了机翼表面的流动形态,减小了机翼附面层流动速度,降低了飞机的失速性能.实验结果表明:通过减小滑轨宽度、减少滑轨数量、采用圆形截面滑轨和滑轨外弯等能够有效降低滑轨影响,改善飞机失速性能;滑轨参数对小尺度模型实验结果的影响尤为显著.研究结果为3m量级和8m量级风洞缝翼滑轨模型设计提供了参考.